Skip to content
0 / 17
Pre-launch Review

Provenance & Chain of Custody

Every document in this archive has a recorded origin, legal basis, and SHA-256 hash computed at the time of download. This page is the verification record — it exists so that anyone can independently confirm what we have and where it came from.

CodeMeaning
PDPublic domain — U.S. government work, no copyright restrictions
OAOpen access — author or publisher made freely available
RCResearch copy — acquired for scholarship, original remains under publisher copyright

These are documents authored by Margaret Hamilton herself. They represent her direct voice and analysis.

bitsavers-1971/ — Computer Got Loaded (Datamation letter)

Section titled “bitsavers-1971/ — Computer Got Loaded (Datamation letter)”

Hamilton’s famous “Computer Got Loaded” letter to the editor, published in the March 1, 1971 issue of Datamation magazine (p. 13). Her first-person account of the Apollo 11 1202/1201 alarms during the lunar descent.

FieldValue
TitleDatamation, March 1, 1971 (contains Hamilton’s “Computer Got Loaded” letter)
AuthorMargaret H. Hamilton (letter, p. 13); various (magazine)
Year1971
Sourcebitsavers.org
LegalArchived magazine scan. Original copyright Cahners Publishing.
File19710301.pdf
Size13,406,989 bytes
ExtractionPending

Source URL:

bitsavers.org/pdf/datamation/Datamation_1971-03-01.pdf

SHA-256:

839a3049d9aad819a0ec524b41d9da98a480c8432673fc92642bf04c49056d59

hamilton-zeldin-1974/ — Higher Order Software: Space Shuttle Prototype

Section titled “hamilton-zeldin-1974/ — Higher Order Software: Space Shuttle Prototype”

The earliest Hamilton & Zeldin paper in the archive. Introduces Higher Order Software (HOS) methodology applied to a Space Shuttle prototype, laying the theoretical groundwork for the formal methods that would become USL.

FieldValue
TitleHigher Order Software Techniques Applied to a Space Shuttle Prototype Program
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Saydean Zeldin
Year1974
Published inSymposium on Programming 1974, LNCS 19: 17—32
DOI10.1007/3-540-06859-7_121
SourceSpringer (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (Springer). Research copy.
Filehamilton-zeldin-1974.pdf
Size1,144,248 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1007/3-540-06859-7_121

SHA-256:

1255d49058752d433bdd6178c1a7aeac775d9aa8f22140045b9fbe12ff7c7df8

hamilton-zeldin-1976/ — Higher Order Software Methodology

Section titled “hamilton-zeldin-1976/ — Higher Order Software Methodology”

The foundational IEEE TSE paper defining Higher Order Software as a formal methodology. This is the most-cited Hamilton & Zeldin paper and establishes the axiomatic basis for software correctness that runs through all of Hamilton’s subsequent work.

FieldValue
TitleHigher Order Software — A Methodology for Defining Software
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Saydean Zeldin
Year1976
Published inIEEE Trans. Software Eng., 2(1): 9—32
DOI10.1109/TSE.1976.233798
SourceIEEE (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE TSE). Research copy.
Filehamilton-zeldin-1976.pdf
Size7,588,000 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1976.233798

SHA-256:

206265fad607d59001a1d474f8477c6afccb1c99fae472b5c74eefe1aa89ccd2

hamilton-zeldin-1978/ — Reliability in Terms of Predictability

Section titled “hamilton-zeldin-1978/ — Reliability in Terms of Predictability”

Presented at COMPSAC 1978. Develops the argument that software reliability should be defined in terms of predictability — a system is reliable if its behavior can be fully predicted before execution.

FieldValue
TitleReliability in Terms of Predictability
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Saydean Zeldin
Year1978
Published inCOMPSAC 1978: 657—662
DOI10.1109/CMPSAC.1978.810516
SourceIEEE (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE). Research copy.
Filehamilton-zeldin-1978.pdf
Size660,445 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/CMPSAC.1978.810516

SHA-256:

d664308835a2e66c36b8cb52a3befad49314286a1d6a6ddab37c9366e2e89915

hamilton-zeldin-1979/ — Design and Verification

Section titled “hamilton-zeldin-1979/ — Design and Verification”

Published in the Journal of Systems and Software. Examines the relationship between how software is designed and how it can be verified — arguing that proper design makes verification inherent rather than an afterthought.

FieldValue
TitleThe Relationship Between Design and Verification
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Saydean Zeldin
Year1979
Published inJ. Systems & Software, 1: 29—56
DOI10.1016/0164-1212(79)90004-9
SourceElsevier (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (Elsevier). Research copy.
Filehamilton-zeldin-1979.pdf
Size3,268,858 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(79)90004-9

SHA-256:

42c292982301eccc127d52d170a8ea06d83480a16b0482e4c1c5846f96f9c3cc

hamilton-zeldin-1983/ — Functional Life Cycle Model: USE.IT

Section titled “hamilton-zeldin-1983/ — Functional Life Cycle Model: USE.IT”

The last Hamilton & Zeldin paper in the archive. Introduces the USE.IT automation tool and the functional life cycle model — the direct precursor to Hamilton’s Development Before the Fact methodology.

FieldValue
TitleThe Functional Life Cycle Model and Its Automation: USE.IT
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Saydean Zeldin
Year1983
Published inJ. Systems & Software, 3(1): 25—62
DOI10.1016/0164-1212(83)90004-3
SourceElsevier (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (Elsevier). Research copy.
Filehamilton-zeldin-1983.pdf
Size3,693,069 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(83)90004-3

SHA-256:

da7b92eec5d9cfaaabfb5781cd583b37fc616ef0e37996daa57cf2d6f0e0640a

hamilton-hackler-1990/ — 001: Rapid Development Approach

Section titled “hamilton-hackler-1990/ — 001: Rapid Development Approach”

Presented at the IEEE Rapid System Prototyping workshop. Describes the 001 Tool Suite as a system that supports its own life cycle — an early articulation of what would become the Development Before the Fact paradigm.

FieldValue
Title001: A Rapid Development Approach for Rapid Prototyping Based on a System That Supports Its Own Life Cycle
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, William R. Hackler
Year1990
Published inRSP 1990: 46—62
DOI10.1109/IWRSP.1990.144033
SourceIEEE (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE). Research copy.
Filehamilton-hackler-1990.pdf
Size1,289,123 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/IWRSP.1990.144033

SHA-256:

dbf5f3f96d8b8519e2e60f45c61d08c169ec98c531bd87a82969e2540317f643

hamilton-hackler-1991/ — Prototyping Distributed Environments with 001

Section titled “hamilton-hackler-1991/ — Prototyping Distributed Environments with 001”

A short RSP 1991 paper on applying the 001 Tool Suite to distributed systems prototyping.

FieldValue
TitlePrototyping Distributed Environments with 001
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, Ron Hackler
Year1991
Published inRSP 1991: 110—111
DOI10.1109/IWRSP.1991.218618
SourceIEEE (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE). Research copy.
Filehamilton-hackler-1991.pdf
Size190,076 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/IWRSP.1991.218618

SHA-256:

3594ca52fe39877f07a3c26bba8528932e2007720e5b5a71f05efc5d6e59ad46

hamilton-1994/ — Preventative Software Systems

Section titled “hamilton-1994/ — Preventative Software Systems”

Presented at COMPSAC 1994. Articulates the concept of “preventative” software systems — systems designed to prevent errors from occurring in the first place, rather than detecting them after the fact.

FieldValue
TitlePreventative Software Systems
AuthorMargaret H. Hamilton
Year1994
Published inCOMPSAC 1994: 410—416
DOI10.1109/CMPSAC.1994.342770
SourceIEEE (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE). Research copy.
Filehamilton-1994.pdf
Size985,604 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/CMPSAC.1994.342770

SHA-256:

04245866903cc33a531fcdd762da680629cb87cf9a761c407ccf02b47ba7abf7

hamilton-2004-mapld/ — Heart and Soul of Apollo

Section titled “hamilton-2004-mapld/ — Heart and Soul of Apollo”

Hamilton’s MAPLD conference presentation. This is a binary PowerPoint file, not a PDF.

FieldValue
TitleThe Heart and Soul of Apollo: Doing It Right the First Time
AuthorMargaret H. Hamilton
Year2004
VenueMAPLD International Conference
Sourceklabs.org
LegalOA
Fileheart-and-soul-of-apollo.ppt
FormatPowerPoint (.ppt) — not PDF
Size4,702,208 bytes
ExtractionNot performed (binary PPT; manual review required)

Source URLs:

Abstract: klabs.org/mapld04/abstracts/hamilton_a.html
File: klabs.org/mapld04/presentations/session_s/8_s216_hamilton_s.ppt

SHA-256:

c950b91d5afdc3a249b6989e23533b00e1e00fd07e83eceae1347cda772fdaa9

hamilton-hackler-2007-cser/ — USL for Preventative Systems Engineering

Section titled “hamilton-hackler-2007-cser/ — USL for Preventative Systems Engineering”

Presented at the 5th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research at Stevens Institute. Applies the Universal Systems Language to the discipline of preventative systems engineering.

FieldValue
TitleUniversal Systems Language for Preventative Systems Engineering
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, William R. Hackler
Year2007
Published inProc. 5th Annual Conf. Systems Engineering Research (CSER), Stevens Institute, paper #36
DOINone
SourceHamilton Technologies, Inc. (htius.com)
LegalOA (author’s copy)
Filehamilton-hackler-2007-cser.pdf
Size434,176 bytes
ExtractionPending

Source URL:

htius.com

SHA-256:

bc29e14a56423b84ba514a736f77f3b3353cef5c940a64dc76af73a373379fe8

hamilton-hackler-2007-incose/ — Formal USL Semantics for SysML

Section titled “hamilton-hackler-2007-incose/ — Formal USL Semantics for SysML”

Published in the INCOSE International Symposium proceedings. Provides a formal universal systems semantics grounding for SysML using USL.

FieldValue
TitleA Formal Universal Systems Semantics for SysML
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, William R. Hackler
Year2007
Published inINCOSE Int’l Symposium, 17(1): 1333—1357
DOI10.1002/j.2334-5837.2007.tb02952.x
SourceINCOSE/Wiley (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (INCOSE/Wiley). Research copy.
Filehamilton-hackler-2007-incose.pdf
Size1,090,480 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2007.tb02952.x

SHA-256:

e8f6a3ccba448fa41d927180bdfc21b03325fd586c6a13dc268e09c194d6a6a8

hamilton-hackler-2008/ — USL: Lessons Learned from Apollo

Section titled “hamilton-hackler-2008/ — USL: Lessons Learned from Apollo”

The bridge paper between Apollo experience and USL formal theory. Published as an IEEE Computer cover feature.

FieldValue
TitleUniversal Systems Language: Lessons Learned from Apollo
AuthorsMargaret H. Hamilton, William R. Hackler
Year2008
Published inIEEE Computer, 41(12): 34—43
DOI10.1109/MC.2008.541
SourceHamilton Technologies, Inc. (htius.com)
LegalOA (author’s copy)
Filer12ham.pdf
Size1,480,864 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

htius.com/Articles/r12ham.pdf

Wayback Archive:

web.archive.org/web/20250313214642/http://www.htius.com/Articles/r12ham.pdf

SHA-256:

356da2bec3f4b63ce6de50e433ea6298bff3c88e3af7033917e5687416fca94e

hamilton-2012/ — USL and the 001 Tool Suite

Section titled “hamilton-2012/ — USL and the 001 Tool Suite”

Hamilton’s webinar presentation for the IEEE Computer Society / Lockheed Martin series. A comprehensive overview of USL and its implementation as the 001 Tool Suite.

FieldValue
TitleUniversal Systems Language (USL) and its Automation, the 001 Tool Suite
AuthorMargaret H. Hamilton
Year2012
VenueIEEE Computer Society / Lockheed Martin Webinar Series, September 27, 2012
DOINone
SourceHamilton Technologies, Inc. (htius.com)
LegalOA (author’s presentation)
Filehamilton-2012.pdf
Size11,460,608 bytes
ExtractionPending

Source URL:

htius.com

SHA-256:

dc2a49ead5df6c7af435d7bba3ce2ca60c58f790affd4b24ae507f0dfb60c081

hamilton-2018/ — What the Errors Tell Us

Section titled “hamilton-2018/ — What the Errors Tell Us”

Hamilton’s 2018 IEEE Software article reflecting on error categories and what they reveal about system design. Draws on decades of experience from Apollo through USL.

FieldValue
TitleWhat the Errors Tell Us
AuthorMargaret H. Hamilton
Year2018
Published inIEEE Software, 35(5): 32—37
DOI10.1109/MS.2018.290110447
SourceIEEE Xplore (via Sci-Hub)
LegalPaywalled (IEEE Software). Research copy.
FileWhat_the_Errors_Tell_Us.pdf
Size1,258,593 bytes
ExtractionPending

DOI URL:

doi.org/10.1109/MS.2018.290110447

SHA-256:

28da75b77b96529befce7c9a2e4b827edace1a2b50477bab0e5947bc312e1d53

hamilton-2019/ — The Apollo On-Board Flight Software

Section titled “hamilton-2019/ — The Apollo On-Board Flight Software”

Hamilton’s 2019 retrospective on the Apollo flight software effort, published through Draper Labs’ “Hack the Moon” project. Two exports of the same source document.

FieldPart 1Part 2
TitleThe Apollo On-Board Flight Software (Part 1)The Apollo On-Board Flight Software (Part 2)
AuthorMargaret H. HamiltonMargaret H. Hamilton
Year20192019
SourceDraper Labs “Hack the Moon”Draper Labs “Hack the Moon”
LegalOAOA
Filemhh-software-part1.pdfmhh-software-part2.pdf
Size90,176 bytes103,626 bytes
ExtractionCompleteComplete

Source URLs:

wehackthemoon.com/sites/default/files/2019-03/mhh.software.final-1.pdf
wehackthemoon.com/sites/default/files/2019-03/mhh.software.final-2_0.pdf

SHA-256 hashes:

Part 1: 4649af55c2d8e303d845c192a9320405d864f9dda96b43ae815ac4dcd644410a
Part 2: 5710f52c0d60d54ffbaa863f5e165d1cea41f7fa227407ef073d7c56caee3e45

hamilton-1972-colossus/ — GSOP Colossus 3: Erasable Memory

Section titled “hamilton-1972-colossus/ — GSOP Colossus 3: Erasable Memory”

Primary source documents from Hamilton’s direct technical leadership of the Apollo software effort. These are the governing specifications for how the AGC’s 4KB of erasable memory was allocated across mission phases.

FieldCSM VersionLM Version
TitleGSOP for Manned CSM… using COLOSSUS 3, Sec. 7: Erasable MemoryApollo GNC: GSOP for Manned LM… using COLOSSUS 3, Sec. 7: Erasable Memory
AuthorM. H. Hamilton et al. (MIT IL)M. H. Hamilton et al. (MIT IL)
Year19721972
Report #R-577-REV-01 / NASA-CR-128689
NTRS ID1973000789919720025984
SourceNASA Technical Reports ServerNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPDPD
Filecolossus3-csm-erasable.pdfcolossus3-lm-erasable.pdf
Size2,906,712 bytes1,667,245 bytes
ExtractionOCR completeOCR complete

Source URLs:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19730007899/downloads/19730007899.pdf
ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720025984/downloads/19720025984.pdf

SHA-256 hashes:

CSM: a321ff9a2d1713aebaf0170e1aa913129679d759b1d7d3519604c9907973c7b1
LM: 49da2619099fc13d7bc470d89e85017ba7d0939ce2137c27c9079ce46a9dc6bb

hamilton-1972-skylark/ — Skylark GSOP Sections

Section titled “hamilton-1972-skylark/ — Skylark GSOP Sections”

Post-Apollo specifications for Skylab (“Skylark” was MIT’s internal designation). Three sections of Report R-693 from different sources and years.

FieldSection 2Section 4Section 7
TitleData LinksOperational ModesErasable Memory Programs
AuthorM. H. Hamilton (MIT IL)M. H. Hamilton (MIT IL)MIT Instrumentation Lab
Year197219721973
Report #R-693R-693R-693
NTRS ID1972001795419720024991
SourceNTRSNTRSibiblio.org (Virtual AGC)
LegalPDPDPD
Fileskylark-section2-data-links.pdfskylark-section4-operational-modes.pdfskylark-section7-erasable-memory.pdf
Size5,071,147 bytes14,100,246 bytes4,766,059 bytes
ExtractionOCR completeOCR (47% confidence)OCR complete

Source URLs:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720017954/downloads/19720017954.pdf
ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720024991/downloads/19720024991.pdf
ibiblio.org/apollo/Documents/R-693-GSOP-Skylark1-Section7-ErasableMemoryPrograms.pdf

SHA-256 hashes:

Sec. 2: c296e9abdf4c4f566492258cd30c209f437a26c8710f929ae55c61ab6a794a7b
Sec. 4: 4452721d2d963d9f1bb1f5b1498ae4736e24cb302eb0439d09ef048f81dffa18
Sec. 7: b02736c4e765277d17fd2205f2ea3dccfec05b116ed3a3049ff85e1a61aa7af9

oral-history-of-margaret-hamilton-2017/ — Oral History of Margaret Hamilton

Section titled “oral-history-of-margaret-hamilton-2017/ — Oral History of Margaret Hamilton”

47-page interview transcript conducted by David C. Brock for the Computer History Museum. Covers Hamilton’s full career arc from weather prediction for Lorenz through Apollo to USL. Includes footnotes added by Hamilton in June—August 2021 citing her published work.

FieldValue
TitleOral History of Margaret Hamilton
InterviewerDavid C. Brock
Year2017
CHM ReferenceX8164.2017
SourceComputer History Museum
Legal© 2017 Computer History Museum
File102738243-05-01-acc.pdf
Size466,926 bytes
ExtractionN/A (born-digital transcript)

Source URL:

computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738243

SHA-256:

4fe522d686f23511364f0bbf899085655b55780c6672941ac844a0955746cc33

Documents that frame Hamilton’s contributions within the broader Apollo program. All are public domain U.S. government works.

johnson-giller-1971/ — MIT’s Role in Apollo, Vol. 5: Software

Section titled “johnson-giller-1971/ — MIT’s Role in Apollo, Vol. 5: Software”

The definitive institutional account of the Apollo software effort, written while the program was still active. At 337 pages, the most content-rich document in the archive.

FieldValue
TitleMIT’s Role in Project Apollo, Volume 5: The Software Effort
AuthorsMadeline S. Johnson, Donald R. Giller
Year1971
Report #R-700
NTRS ID19750067792 (citation only; PDF unavailable on current NTRS)
SourceMIT Digital Apollo archive
LegalPD
Filemit-role-apollo-vol5-software.pdf
Size13,686,273 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URLs:

Primary: web.mit.edu/digitalapollo/Documents/Chapter5/mitroleapollovi.pdf
Mirror: ibiblio.org/apollo/hrst/archive/967.pdf

SHA-256:

87708dfee32e263a097f7cb1175e6acec27afbbffac3070d17c080eadba1f915

hall-1977/ — MIT’s Role in Apollo, Vol. 3: Computer Subsystem

Section titled “hall-1977/ — MIT’s Role in Apollo, Vol. 3: Computer Subsystem”

Eldon Hall’s account of the AGC hardware. Volume 3 of the same R-700 series as Johnson & Giller.

FieldValue
TitleMIT’s Role in Project Apollo, Volume 3: Computer Subsystem
AuthorEldon C. Hall
Year1977
Report #R-700
NTRS ID19720063753
SourceNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPD
Filemit-role-apollo-vol3-computer.pdf
Size10,990,333 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720063753/downloads/19720063753.pdf

SHA-256:

b2eb5e3d17ade5566997bae14f5f96f654d2bd462a1379de830fed279957501f

nasa-1972-what-made-success/ — What Made Apollo a Success?

Section titled “nasa-1972-what-made-success/ — What Made Apollo a Success?”

NASA’s own institutional assessment of Apollo success factors.

FieldValue
TitleWhat Made Apollo a Success?
AuthorNASA Manned Spacecraft Center
Year1972
Report #NASA SP-287
NTRS ID19720005243
SourceNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPD
Filewhat-made-apollo-success-sp287.pdf
Size4,797,664 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720005243/downloads/19720005243.pdf

SHA-256:

03fc440b16cd62fa2f8b339e0d85a01ddf77109a23452a1e9c4603bab76a79b6

nasa-2009-gnc-hardware/ — Apollo GNC Hardware Overview

Section titled “nasa-2009-gnc-hardware/ — Apollo GNC Hardware Overview”
FieldValue
TitleApollo Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Hardware Overview
AuthorMichael Interbartolo
Year2009
NTRS ID20090016290
SourceNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPD
Fileapollo-gnc-hardware-overview.pdf
Size1,748,910 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20090016290/downloads/20090016290.pdf

SHA-256:

9b759e8451aedfb0b60e5196d609197a92ef59812413a57235a2ababf2f7b0d7

nasa-2009-learning/ — Apollo: Learning From the Past

Section titled “nasa-2009-learning/ — Apollo: Learning From the Past”
FieldValue
TitleApollo: Learning From the Past, For the Future
AuthorMichael R. Grabois
Year2009
NTRS ID20090029988
SourceNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPD
Fileapollo-learning-from-past.pdf
Size6,337,194 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20090029988/downloads/20090029988.pdf

SHA-256:

e1eb75a7150938528899b58d5b1db5282d2cb95fa303641082008b7ad09f8921

nasa-1989-managing/ — Managing the Moon Program

Section titled “nasa-1989-managing/ — Managing the Moon Program”

Oral history workshop transcript from 1989, published 1999. Features Howard Tindall, George Mueller, Christopher Kraft, Robert Gilruth, Max Faget, and Owen Morris.

FieldValue
TitleManaging the Moon Program: Lessons Learned from Project Apollo
AuthorNASA Headquarters
Year1999 (based on 1989 oral histories)
Report #NASA/NP-1999-6-250-HQ
NTRS ID19990053708
SourceNASA Technical Reports Server
LegalPD
Filemanaging-moon-program.pdf
Size3,241,458 bytes
ExtractionPending

Source URL:

ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19990053708/downloads/19990053708.pdf

SHA-256:

7570bbb67255a3667d33f99ef9e939d8cad781aa0edd7ea8904228119d8a6f42

mccracken-1971-datamation/ — McCracken’s “The Ambivalence Lingers” (Datamation)

Section titled “mccracken-1971-datamation/ — McCracken’s “The Ambivalence Lingers” (Datamation)”

The January 1, 1971 issue of Datamation containing Daniel McCracken’s article on the state of the software profession. Context for the industry discourse Hamilton was contributing to.

FieldValue
TitleDatamation, January 1, 1971 (contains McCracken’s “The Ambivalence Lingers”)
AuthorDaniel D. McCracken (article); various (magazine)
Year1971
Sourcebitsavers.org
LegalArchived magazine scan. Original copyright Cahners Publishing.
Filedatamation-19710101.pdf
Size9,727,680 bytes
ExtractionPending

Source URL:

bitsavers.org/pdf/datamation/Datamation_1971-01-01.pdf

SHA-256:

22a6104d3bd6a93f424acf2de85e3349fd644f71a8c3264a6a94c166ec24dc54

averill-2022/ — Brief Analysis of the AGC

Section titled “averill-2022/ — Brief Analysis of the AGC”

A modern analysis of the Apollo Guidance Computer’s hardware architecture, providing accessible context for understanding the constraints Hamilton’s software operated within.

FieldValue
TitleA Brief Analysis of the Apollo Guidance Computer
AuthorCharles Averill (UT Dallas)
Year2022
arXiv ID2201.08230
SourcearXiv
LegalOA
Fileagc-analysis.pdf
Size379,005 bytes
ExtractionComplete

Source URL:

arxiv.org/pdf/2201.08230

SHA-256:

16457f5ce39795c29e7747b81ed1d6230af2e0547c05c59346e9059a63b22882

David Mindell’s definitive history of the human-machine relationship in Apollo spaceflight. Provides essential context for understanding the engineering culture and design philosophy that shaped Hamilton’s work.

FieldValue
TitleDigital Apollo: Human and Machine in Spaceflight
AuthorDavid A. Mindell
Year2008
PublisherMIT Press
ISBN978-0-262-13497-2
SourceMIT Press (research copy)
LegalCopyrighted (MIT Press). Research copy.
Filedigital-apollo-mindell-2008.pdf
Size2,699,264 bytes
ExtractionPending

SHA-256:

64959c2217339f88e9fc7024c387af01b75b348fd4b04e77fc6529392e6b210e

To verify any document in the archive, compute its SHA-256 hash and compare against the values on this page:

Terminal window
sha256sum source/hamilton-2019/mhh-software-part1.pdf
# Expected: 4649af55c2d8e303d845c192a9320405d864f9dda96b43ae815ac4dcd644410a

All hashes were computed at the time of download. If a hash does not match, the file has been modified since acquisition.

The canonical source for this provenance data is source/COLLECTION.md in the repository root. See the Compendium for the full bibliography and Archive Methodology for the acquisition and extraction process.